标签 · 形式结构 虚位主语 不表实义、占据主语位置的成分，如英语there、法语il。 带此标签的条目 Pattern How do languages say “there is”? “The water is in the river” takes the water as given and tells you where it is. “There is water in the river” reverses that: the river is the setting and the water is the news. Saying that something exists therefore reuses the machinery for saying where it is, and languages differ in how much they change along the way — some leave the locational predicate untouched, some add a placeholder subject, some borrow the possessive verb, and some keep a predicate for existence alone. The choice often splits by animacy and by number. 存在位置所有同形现象 +3 Existence → 同一层面的其他标签 语序 2附置词 2格标记 1同形现象 3共词化 3异根互补 2否定一致 2斜格标记 3话题标记 1多动词结构 2配价变化 1助动词 1
