タグ · 形式 虚辞主語 意味を持たずに主語の位置を埋める要素。英語のthere、フランス語のil。 このタグの項目 Pattern How do languages say “there is”? “The water is in the river” takes the water as given and tells you where it is. “There is water in the river” reverses that: the river is the setting and the water is the news. Saying that something exists therefore reuses the machinery for saying where it is, and languages differ in how much they change along the way — some leave the locational predicate untouched, some add a placeholder subject, some borrow the possessive verb, and some keep a predicate for existence alone. The choice often splits by animacy and by number. 存在位置所有同形性 +3 Existence → 同じ観点のほかのタグ 語順 2接置詞 2格標示 1同形性 3共語彙化 3補充法 2否定一致 2斜格標示 3主題標示 1多動詞構文 2項の増減 1助動詞 1
