标签 · 形式结构
斜格标记
参与者不以主宾语形式出现，而由格或附置词标示。
带此标签的条目
How do languages say “I have X”?
Some languages use a transitive HAVE verb; others say “at me, X is”, “to me, X is”, or “I-with X”. The same language often switches strategy with what is possessed — inanimate, animate, kin, body-parts.
Do “my hand” and “my house” use the same grammar?
Hands and mothers come with a possessor built in; houses and books change hands. Grammars pick this up: some force a possessive onto body-part and kin nouns or give them special possessed forms, some route acquired things through a classifier, Mandarin lets its linker drop exactly with kin, and much of Europe moves the body-part possessor onto the verb as a dative.
How do languages say “I don’t have X”?
To express absence of possession, languages either negate a HAVE-verb, add a negative determiner to the object, or reframe the situation as one of non-existence or absence — with the possessor as topic, location, or dative.